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DRAMA 

and the

 SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH

Appendix 4

                THE REVIEW AND HERALD, Jan. 4, 1881

  Ellen G. White

  It has been our study to devise some plan for the establishment of a literary society which shall prove a benefit to all connected with it, —a society in which all its members shall feel a moral responsibility to make it what it should be, and to avoid the evils that have made such associations dangerous to religious principle. Persons of discretion and good judgment, who have a living connection with Heaven, who will see the evil tendencies, and, not deceived by Satan, will move straight forward in the path of integrity, continually holding aloft the banner of Christ, —such a class are needed to control in these societies. Such an influence will command respect, and make these gatherings a blessing rather than a curse. If men and women of mature age would unite with young persons to organize and conduct such a literary society, it might become both useful and interesting. But when such gatherings degenerate into occasions for fun and boisterous mirth, they are anything but literary or elevating. They are debasing to both mind and morals.

Bible reading, the critical examination of Bible subjects, essays written upon topics which would improve the mind and impart knowledge, the study of the prophecies or the precious lessons of Christ, —these will have an influence to strengthen the mental powers and increase spirituality. And why should not the Bible be brought into such meetings? There is a deplorable ignorance of God’s word, even with those who are thought to be intelligent.  

“Most wondrous book! bright candle of the Lord!  

Star of eternity! the only light

By which the bark of man can navigate

The sea of life, and gain the coast of bliss securely.”

  Why should not this book—this precious treasure—be exalted and esteemed as a valued friend? This is our chart across the stormy sea of life. It is our guide-book, showing us the way to the eternal mansions, and the character we must have to inhabit them. There is no book the perusal of which will so elevate and strengthen the mind as the study of the Bible. Here the intellect will find themes of the most elevated character to call out its powers. There is nothing that will so endow with vigor all our faculties as bringing them in contact with the stupendous truths of revelation. The effort to grasp and measure these great thoughts expands the mind. We may dig down deep into the mine of truth, and gather precious treasures with which to enrich the soul. Here we may learn the true way to live, the safe way to die.

A familiar acquaintance with the Scriptures sharpens the discerning powers, and fortifies the soul against the attacks of Satan. The Bible is the sword of the Spirit, which will never fail to vanquish the adversary. It is the only true guide in all matters of faith and practice. —Ellen G. White.

     Appendix 5  

Letter 5, 1888

(To Brother Morse, Dec. 26, 1888.)

(Manuscript Release No. 145, 2MR 235-238)

  ENACTED SCENES

 1.  I have risen at three o’clock this morning to write you a few lines. I was pleased with the   

2. lighthouse, and the scene which had required so much painstaking effort was one which could   

3.  have been made most impressive, but failed to be made as forcible and striking as it might have

4.  been when it cost so much time and labor in preparing it. The part acted by the children was 

5. good. The reading was appropriate. Then if there had been good, solid talk on that occasion   

 6.  in regard to children and teachers in the Sabbath schools laboring earnestly for the salvation    

7.  of the souls of the children under your charge, presenting the most acceptable offering to Jesus,  

8.  the gift of their own hearts, and impressive remarks, short and right to the point, [on] how they    

9.  could do this, would it not have been in keeping with the work we have been trying to do in the   

10. church?

11.  Every stroke now should be in harmony for the one great purpose, preparing of the hearts, that

 12.  individually pupils and teachers should be as a light set on a candlestick that it may give light

 13.  to all that are in the house, which would be carrying out the idea strikingly of a lighthouse 

14.  guiding souls that they may not make shipwreck of faith. Can you tell me what marked 

15.  impression the two poems rehearsed by the two ladies on the stand would have to do with this

 16.  work?

17.  The singing was after the order we would expect it to be in any theatrical performance, but not

 18.  one word to be distinguished. Certainly the tempest‑tossed ship would be wrecked upon the 

  19. rocks if there were no more light coming from the lighthouse than was seen in the exercises. I

 20.  must say I was pained at these things, so out of order with the very work of reformation we 

21.  were trying to carry forward in the church and with our institutions, that I should have felt better

22.  if I had not been present. This was an occasion that should have been gotten up not only for the

 23.  Sabbath school children, but words should have been spoken that would have deepened the

 24.  impression of a necessity of seeking for the favor of that Saviour who loved them and gave 

25.  Himself for them. If [only] the precious hymns had been sung, “Rock of ages, cleft for me, let 

26.  me hide myself in Thee,” and “Jesus lover of my soul, let me to Thy bosom fly, while the 

27.  billows near me roll, while the tempest still is high.” Whose souls were inspired with new and 

28.  fresh zeal for the Master in those songs sung whose virtue was in the different performances of

29.  the singer?

30.  While these painstaking efforts were being made to get up the performances, meetings were

 31.  being held of the deepest interest which should have engaged the attention, and which called

 32.  for the presence of every soul lest they should lose something of the message the Master had

 33.  sent to them. Now this Christmas has passed into eternity with its burden of record, and we are

  34. anxious to see the result of it. Will it make those who acted their part in it more spiritual  

35.  minded? Will it increase their sense of obligation to our heavenly Father who sent His Son into

 36. the world at such an infinite sacrifice to save fallen man from utter ruin? Was the mind 

37.  awakened to grasp God because of His great love wherewith He has loved us?

38.  We hope, now that Christmas is in the past, that those who have put forth so much painstaking

 39.  effort will now manifest a decided zeal, and earnest, disinterested effort for the salvation of the

  40.  souls of the teachers in the Sabbath school, that in their turn they may each labor for the  

41.  salvation of the souls in their classes, to give them personal instruction as to what they must do  

42.  to be saved. We hope that they will find time to labor in simplicity and in sincerity for the souls

 43.  of those under their care, and that they will pray with them, and for them, that they may give to

44.  Jesus the precious offering of their own souls, that they may make literally true the symbol of 

45.  the lighthouse in the beams of light shining forth from their own strong efforts in the name of 

46.  Jesus, which should be put forth in love, they themselves grasping the rays of light to diffuse 

47.  this light to others, and that there shall be no settling down to a surface work. Show just as great

 48.  skill and aptitude in winning souls to Jesus as you have shown in painstaking effort for this 

49.  occasion just past. Point them in your efforts, with heart and soul enlisted, to the Star that shine

50.  out to the morally-darkened heaven at this time, even the Light of the world. Let your light shine

51.  that the tempest‑tossed souls may set their eyes upon it and escape the rocks that are concealed 

52.  beneath the surface of the water. Temptations are lying in wait to deceive them; souls are 

53.  oppressed with guilt, ready to sink into despair. Labor to save them; point them to Jesus who

 54.  so loved them that He gave His life for them. . . .

55.  The Light of the world is shining upon us that we might absorb the divine rays and let this light

 56.  shine upon others in good works that many souls shall be led to glorify our Father which is in 

57.  heaven. He is longsuffering, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to 

58. repentance, and it grieves the heart of Jesus that so many refuse the offers of His mercy and 

59. matchless love.

60.  Will all who acted an interested part in the program of last evening work as zealously and 

61. interestedly to show themselves approved unto God in doing their work for the Master, that they

 62.  may show themselves intelligent workmen that need not to be ashamed? Oh, let the teachers in

63.  the Sabbath school be thoroughly imbued with the spirit of the message for this time, carrying

  64.  that message into all their labor. There are souls to be saved, and while in the Sabbath school

 65.  work there has been much form and a great amount of precious time occupied in reading of 

66.  reports and records, there has been but little time to really let light shine forth in clear, steady 

67.  rays in the very instruction needed to save the souls of the children and youth. Less elaborate 

68.  speeches, less lengthy remarks, and plain, pointed truth presented, not one word uttered to 

69.  exhibit profound knowledge, not one word in any speech, but the greatest evidence of real 

70.  knowledge is the great simplicity. All who have taken knowledge of Jesus Christ will imitate 

71.  Him in their manner of instruction.

     Appendix 6

  LITERARY SOCIETIES; THEATRICAL PERFORMANCES

by Ellen G. White

(1MR 244-146)

  The purpose and object for which literary societies are established may be good, but unless wisdom from above and continual reliance upon God is preserved by all, there will be a decided failure in its exerting a saving influence.

When God's professed people voluntarily unite with the world or give men of short religious experience the preeminence in these literary societies, they do not have a high estimate of eternal things. They step over the line in the very first movement. There may be boundaries, set rules and regulations made, but, notwithstanding all this, the worldly element will take the lead. Men on the enemy's ground, led and controlled by his power, will have a controlling influence, unless there is an infinite power to work against them. Satan uses men as his agents to suggest, to lead out, to propose different acts, and a variety of amusing things which give no strength to the morals or elevation to the mind, but are wholly worldly. Soon the religious element is ruled out, and the irreligious elements take the lead.

Men and women who will not be ensnared, who will move straightforward in the path of integrity, loyal and true to the God of heaven whom they fear, love, and honor, can have a powerful influence to hold the people of God. Such an influence will command respect. But this vacillating

between duty and the world gives the world all the advantage and will surely leave its molding power, so that religion, God, and heaven, will scarcely enter the thoughts.

If youth, and men and women of mature age, should organize a society where Bible reading and Bible study should be made the prominent theme, dwelling upon and searching out the prophecies, and studying the lessons of Christ, there would be strength in the society. There is no book from the perusal of which the mind is so much elevated and strengthened and expanded as the Bible. And there is nothing that will so endow with new vigor all our faculties as bringing them in contact with stupendous truths of the Word of God, and setting the mind to grasp and measure those truths.

If the human mind takes a low level, it is generally because it is left to deal with commonplace facts and not called out and exercised to grasp lofty, elevated truths, which are enduring as eternity. These literary societies and lyceums are almost universally exerting an influence entirely contrary to that which they claim, and are an injury to the youth. This need not be the case, but because unsanctified elements take the lead, because worldlings want matters to go to please themselves, their hearts are not in harmony with Jesus Christ; they are in the ranks of the Lord's enemies, and they will not be pleased with that kind of entertainment which would strengthen and confirm the members of the society in spirituality. Low, cheap matters are brought in which are not elevating or instructive, but which only amuse.

The way these societies have been conducted leads the mind away from serious reflection, away from God, away from heaven. By attending them, religious thoughts and services have become distasteful. There is less desire for fervent prayer, for pure and undefiled religion. The thoughts and conversation are not on elevating themes, but dwelling upon the subjects brought up in these gatherings. What is the chaff to the wheat? The understanding will gradually bring itself down to the dimensions of the matters with which it is familiar, till the powers of the mind become contracted, showing what has been its food.  

The mind that rejects all this cheapness, and is taxed to dwell only upon elevated, ponderous, deep, and broad truths will strengthen. A knowledge of the Bible excels all other knowledge in strengthening the intellect. If your lyceums and literary societies would be made an opportunity for searching the Bible, it would be far more an intellectual society than it can ever become through the attention being turned to theatrical performances. What high and noble truths the mind may fasten

upon and explore in God’s Word! The mind may go deeper and still deeper in its research, becoming stronger with every effort to comprehend truth, and yet there will be an infinity beyond.

Those who compose these societies, who profess to love and reverence sacred things, and yet allow the mind to come down to the superficial, to the unreal, to simple, cheap, fictitious acting, are doing the devil's work just as surely as they look upon and unite in these scenes. Could their eyes be opened, they would see that Satan was their leader, the instigator, through agents present who think themselves to be something. But God pronounces their life and character altogether lighter than vanity. If these societies should make the Lord and His greatness, His mercies, His works in nature, His majesty and power as revealed in inspiration, their study, they would come forth blessed and strengthened.—Ms 41, 1900, pp. 10-12. (“Commandment Keeping,” July 23, 1900.)

If we regard the advantages given to us as our own, to be used according to our pleasure, to make a display, and create a sensation, the Lord Jesus, our Redeemer, is put to shame by the characters of His professed followers.

Has God given you intellect? Is it for you to manage according to your inclinations? Can you glorify God by being educated to represent characters in plays, and to amuse an audience with fables? Has not the Lord given you intellect to be used to His name’s glory in proclaiming the gospel of Christ? If you desire a public career, there is a work that you may do. Help the class you represent in plays. Come to the reality. Give your sympathy where it is needed by actually lifting up the bowed down. Satan’s ruling passion is to pervert the intellect and cause men to long for shows and theatrical performances. The experience and character of all who engage in this work will be in accordance with the food given to the mind.

     Appendix 7  

THE BIBLE AND MODERN DRAMA

by Leslie Hardinge

  A Paper presented to the Committee on Guidelines for Competitive Activities and Drama January, 1974

  For the purpose of this paper DRAMA means a literary composition, now usually written in prose, arranged for enactment, and divided into acts which consist of various scenes. Drama is contrived by a playwright to portray life or character, or to tell a story by means of the actions of persons called actors. The play records the conflicts and tensions of human life and arranges affairs so as to reach a climax in an hour or two which may be tragic or comic. Drama is intended for presentation to an audience as entertainment.

  While there is drama in real life, for the purpose of this paper drama is considered fictional in nature. This must be so because the dramatist employs dialogue, which, unless he is inspired or has an eyewitness validation of the fact, must be contrived by him. Besides this, while taken from real life the arrangements of the episodes is determined by the playwright who places them one after the other solely to achieve the effect which he has in mind. In the final act the play reaches its denouement, either pleasurable or tragic, towards which every character and every episode and almost every word has been manipulated by the writer. This by definition is fiction. Drama is therefore fictional.

  It is perfectly true that even the most humdrum of days has its dramatic, that is, climactic and exciting moments. Since the Bible covers most aspects of human life, the inspired Scriptures contain dramatic moments. There is however no dramatic contriving toward effect in the Scriptures. Very little dialogue is found in the sacred story and what there is does not build towards tensions and resolutions in climaxes. The purpose of the Bible is to reveal truth, and not to entertain by the exciting effects of conflict and rebuttal.

  Drama, as presented by the vast majority of playwrights, contains portrayals of the aberrations and foibles of mankind. It does not point up the right and the wrong of the activities, but displays characterization geared to entertain. Most dramatic productions depict conflicts between the sexes. On the other hand, a play that uses the ingredients of a happy, continuous monogamous relationship with no undue conflict and suspense would not complete its first night without catcalls! A happy, serene marriage, with children growing up towards the development of the Christian virtues, does not contain the ingredients demanded by the theater goer. On the other hand the stealthy robbing of the affections of one partner by a third party, the conflicts and discords, the rise of emotional tensions, the death and suffering of war between nation and nation, between white and red, between cops and robbers, between honesty and the law—these are the themes of most dramatic productions. The purpose of these plays is not to reveal truth, even though the “good guy” sometimes wins, but to entertain and make money. Drama is devised to lead the audience into a vicarious, empathetic relationship with the actor with whom the view identifies and who rouses his emotions. Inspiration condemns this empathy of those who take “pleasure in them,” as well as the actors who “do these things.”  

The Bible contains a clear condemnation of the audience which enjoys the portrayal or acting out of sin. Let us read Romans 1:29-32. These verses contain a list of the wicked deeds of men and women. After completing this catalog of crime the Apostle Paul continues: Most men “know the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, (but) not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them.” It is the final phrase which is so vital to our presentation. For the Christian to read or view a portrayal by actors of a drama which is made up of the ingredients listed by Paul, and then to “take pleasure” in this behavior, be it in novel or play or story, makes him a moral accessory incurring the wrath of God. Heaven condemns those who act thus in real life. Heaven condemns those who act out these sins in play or novel. Heaven also condemns the reader or viewer who takes pleasure in the dramatization of these acts against the norms of righteousness laid down by God. The results to those who enter into doing and viewing and vicariously sharing is that “God gives them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient” (Rom. 1:28). In other words, those who saturate their minds by mastering a play in order to act out its dramatic potential, or who view, via the media or in the theater, this portrayal of human sins and foibles, finally develop “degenerate minds.” By beholding “they become changed” (2 Cor. 3:18).

  There is another important biblical passage in which the Holy Spirit has given to the Christian criteria to judge the rightness or wrongness of any literary production. Writing to the Philippians, Paul gives seven checks. We should apply each of them to our consideration of drama. Is it “true?” Even if we judge what the play contains as truth, is what is being said “honest?” Should it pass muster through these two gates, is it “pure?” How much of what is called drama today is “pure?” Even if it receives an “A” grade in these three areas, is it “lovely?” War and conflict and sin are sordid. Then, is it of “good report?” or “virtuous?” or, finally “praiseworthy?” If the play or novel or story checks “yes” in each of these seven areas, the Christian is bidden, “Think on these things.” If it does not, then, obviously, it is not approved by Heaven.

  Let us now consider the source of drama as prevalent in the world today. Jesus bade us always to weigh origins. They make a difference. He asked, “Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles?” And continues, “even so every good tree bringeth forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit. The good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit” (Matt. 7:17). So sources do matter.

  The Christian quality of the private lives of the actors and actresses in the business of drama, both on the movies or television and also in the straight theater, need little comment from me. Can you think of an actor or actress of note who has not gone through the divorce court? Something is morally wrong with what went on before this step was taken, as well as after! Years ago having a child out of wedlock would have ruined the career of an actress. Today it enhances it! Would you buy canned goods from a cannery which used decaying produce among conditions which were filthy and unhealthful, with diseased and careless persons handling it? I think not! You would rightly explain that such a place could not possibly produce good, wholesome food. And you would be right. Sources do count! No drama portrayed by sinful actors and actresses can possibly be good.

  What are the motives of the actors and actresses in dramatic presentations? Do they seek to present the true and the good, the virtuous and the helpful? Do they stress the pure and the right? Or do they depict human nature in all its crass and sordid wickedness? And why? To exhibit their own talents and skill and to make money, lots of money! “By their fruits ye shall know them,” Jesus declared.

  Let us further consider the sources of the drama from the playwright’s point of view. What sort of men write for dramatic production? What are their motives? What overall purpose do they have in their presentations? Do they desire to entertain? To educate? To inspire to right living and holy dying? Look closely at the private lives of the “great” playwrights, and you will be compelled to admit that they do not appear virtuous in the light of the Scriptures. “By their fruits ye shall know them,” Jesus declared.

  What is the immediate effect of presenting dramatic productions in our schools and colleges? As soon as a “drama” department begins to put on “plays,” objections to attending the straight theater crumble in many minds. It is argued that the audience should concentrate on what may be moral and high-toned and brush aside and overlook the risque and the vulgar and the immoral. A few visits to the theater to admire the skill of the actors and actresses, and to estimate their talents and techniques in portraying emotions and depicting character, and the last restraints to theater attendance are shattered.  

In grade school, children may be taught to act out scenes taken from the Bible. What scenes are chosen? Observation demonstrates that the more exciting ones are selected. But the Bible does not give many dramatic touches and exciting portrayals, and so the teacher-playwright introduces fanciful inventions to add “drama.” This kind of “adding” to the Scriptures is forbidden by God (Rev. 22:18). It has a two-pronged effect. Firstly, it confuses the young person so that when he reads the Bible for himself he wonders where those details came from. Secondly, his norms of “truth” are broken down imperceptibly. He thinks, So what? If we need to fudge here and there for effect, why not? Soon he is reading fiction, both drama and novel, and enjoying every exciting, enervating, deceiving scene. The simple, quiet, almost humdrum stories of the Bible pall. After awhile he does not read the Scriptures any more. Then he cannot even understand it when he does. His brain is fevered. He must have the sensational, the exciting! Later on he is not even satisfied with this vicarious, empathetic thrill of the novel or the drama, but he must try for himself the activity portrayed in them. Long ago, J. Edgar Hoover wrote: “Our youth has been allowed to stray into crime; it has not gone there deliberately. Too often it has been led there by the cheap romanticism of the thoughtless who have painted the gangster as a figure to be emulated and who have emphasized the monetary rewards of crime as depicted in the headlines, rather than pointing to the price which must be paid for every tainted dollar.” God declares in warning, “Be not deceived. God is not mocked. Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap” (Gal. 6:7).

Crimes of all kinds are acted out in drama today. By this means children are taught to sin. The final effect of drama on TV or movie or theater is to break down the morals and ultimately to lead to the second death. “By their fruits ye shall know them,” Jesus declared. F. D. Nichol quoted in one of his editorials, from an article in The Saturday Review of Literature entitled “The Kingdom of the Blind.” Its subtitle was “An Ex-Moving Picture Reviewer Considers His Ex-Job.” This is the studied view of this “expert”: “It is my indignant opinion that ninety per cent of the moving pictures exhibited in America are so vulgar, witless, and dull that it is preposterous to write about them in any publication not intended to be read while chewing gum” (RH, Vol. 123, No. 45). This, of course, is true also of the straight theater and TV.  

Long ago Daniel Defoe affirmed: “Every devil has not a cloven foot.” From which we may note that things are not always what they seem to be. Drama may appear innocuous and innocent, but later the reality of this effect is seen. Let us turn the light of the Bible on the viewer of the modern drama; its reader would also be included. God condemns him by implication in these words: “He that walketh righteously;... that stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood, and shutteth his eyes from seeing evil; he shall dwell on high” (Isa. 33:15, 16). But what of those who do not thus discipline themselves? They stand condemned. John K. Ryan, writing in Forum some years ago, said words which are uncannily true today: “Sadism, cannibalism, bestiality. Crude eroticism. Torturing, killing, kidnaping, monsters, madmen, creatures which are half-brute, half-human, raw melodrama; tales of crimes and criminals; extravagant exploits in strange lands on other plants; pirate stories.... Vulgarity, cheap humor, and cheaper wit. Sentimental stories designed for the general level of the moronic mind. Ugliness in thought and expression. All these, day after day, week after week, have become the mental food of American children young and old.” (Quoted in Signs, Feb. 21, 1939, p. 5. Please note the date!)  

Have you ever thought of the implications of this command of God to ancient Israel? “Ye shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you, and destroy all their pictures” (Num. 33:52). The enervating, moral destroying still pictures of the ancient Canaanites must be destroyed at God’s command if ancient Israel was to attain to the Divine ideal. How much more are the pictorially dramatic presentations of movie, theater and TV of today calculated to corrode the morals and break down the norms of modern Israel.  

In study of drama the Christian must consider the inordinate amount of time spent by the student in learning his part so as to enter into “the skin” of the character he is portraying. This identification with a character who might not even be a Christian is destructive to the character of the actor. Then consider the time necessary to coordinate all the actors and produce a play after dozens of rehearsals, and you have an expenditure of time which far outbalances any benefits which might be gained. Consider, too, the effect on the actors. The pride they take in their acting is their breath, and the vital need for their egos to feed upon the applause accorded them by the audience is their food. Is this good?  

To depict the scenes, use the words, portray the characters in any play is to exhibit a lifestyle which is alien to that of the true Seventh-day Adventist. The student of drama must force himself into a mold which his better judgment tells him is contrary to the norms of the Bible. “By beholding,” by identifying with his character, “he is changed into” the likeness of the one whom he depicts.  

If the student of drama says things he does not believe, in language he does not condone, and depicts attitudes and sentiments which are alien to his concepts of the standards of his Lord, his motives and feelings about right and wrong will become confused. He will eventually come to believe, because his literature or drama teacher tells him so, that drama is an art form which exhibits “culture” and reflects insights into life which are worthwhile. Then, when he studies the Bible his standards are further confused.  

The natural inclination for the student of drama to excel and to be applauded leads him to participate and to enter in fully into what he is doing, and very soon his spirituality and desire for the simple truths of the Bible wanes and the word of God appears dull. Very soon he will be heard to say, “I do not see anything wrong with drama.” And what he is actually confessing is that he now doesn’t see! He has gone blind and needs the “eyesalve” to open his perspectives to the norms of the word of God.  

The major purpose of the imitative performing arts is pleasure, and entertainment, and their end is that the realities of life become blurred. Sin, brutality, domination, excess, love of applause, a refusal to accept the norms of Philippians four and Romans one and the results of teaching drama, and participating in fictional plays destroys the relish for the tranquil pleasure of daily life and the simple joys of true devotion, and confuses ideas of right and wrong while stimulating the desire for excitement, love of worldliness and pleasure for its own sake.  

As far as this student of the drama in the light of the Scriptures is concerned, there is but one answer. Drama cannot survive the scrutiny of the Light of the world.

 

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