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THE MYSTERY OF THE "DAILY"

John W. Peters
An Exegesis of Daniel 8:9-14
 Notes:
  1. E.G. White, The Great Controversy, Mountain View: Pacific Press, p. 423, 1950. [Return to Text]
  2. “The Daily,” Midnight Cry, Vol.5, No. 7, p. 52-53, Oct. 5, 1843. [Return to Text]
  3. P.G. Damsteegt, Foundations of the Seventh-day Adventist Message and Mission, Berrien Springs: Andrews University Press, p. 38, 1977. [Return to Text]
  4. Ibid., pp. 38 & 39. [Return to Text]
  5. R.W. Schwarz, Light Bearers to the Remnant, Boise: Pacific Press, pp. 397-399, 1979. [Return to Text]
  6. Ibid., p. 475. [Return to Text]
  7. F.B. Holbrook, Ed., Symposium of Daniel, Daniel and Revelation Committee Series, Vol. 2, Biblical Research Institute of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, Washington, DC, 1986. (See also Volumes 1 & 3-6.) [Return to Text]
  8. W.H. Shea, Symposium on Daniel, F. B. Holbrook, Ed., Daniel and Revelation Committee Series, Vol. 2, Biblical Research Institute of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Washington, DC, pp. 165-255; 256-330; 497-526, 1986. (Hereafter referred to as “DARCOM: Vol.2”) [Return to Text]
  9. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol 2, pp. 378-461. [Return to Text]
  10. W.H. Shea, Selected Studies on Prophetic Interpretation, DARCOM: Vol. 1, pp.  41-43, 1982. [Return to Text]
  11. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, pp. 387-394. [Return to Text]
  12. Ibid., pp. 381, 399. [Return to Text]
  13. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 2, pp. 507-512. [Return to Text]
  14. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 399. [Return to Text]
  15. Ibid., pp. 418-419. [Return to Text]
  16. Ibid., p. 401. [Return to Text]
  17. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 2, pp. 507-512. [Return to Text]
  18. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 511. [Return to Text]
  19. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 401. [Return to Text]
  20. U. Smith, The Prophecies of Daniel and Revelation, Washington, DC: Review and Herald Publishing Association, p. 258, 1944. (Hereafter referred to as “Smith: D & R”). [Return to Text]
  21. E. Lohse, The New Testament Environment, Nashville: Abingdon, p.199, 1976. [Return to Text]
  22. R.H. Gundry, A Survey of the New Testament, Grand Rapids: Zondervan, p. 11, 1981. [Return to Text]
  23. Ibid., p. 11. [Return to Text]
  24. Ibid., p. 35. [Return to Text]
  25. E. Lohse, The New Testament Environment, Nashville: Abingdon, p. 206, 1976. [Return to Text]
  26. W.H. Shea, Personal Communication, February 2, 1993. Herein, Shea suggests that in verses 9 & 11 “two masculine verbs are preceded by dependent prepositional phrases which end with masculine objects, a pronominal suffix in one case and a noun in the other, and neither of these two verbs in the perfect (tense) is converted by waw. These three main features of these verbs contrast, one way and another, with the other eight verbs in this passage for the activities of the little horn. For me, this is not an interpretational feature; it is simply a matter of Daniel’s syntax.” [Return to Text]
  27.  G. F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 404. [Return to Text]
  28. Mimmennu is translated as “‘from’ it” in all the Levitical cultic parallels to Dn. 8:11 (cf. Lev. 2:9; 4:8, 10, 19; 6:15). See also Section 7.0 for the cultic language parallels. [Return to Text]
  29. Ibid., p. 404. [Return to Text]
  30. W.L. Holladay, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, p. 335, 1988. [Return to Text]
  31. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 204. [Return to Text]
  32. Ibid., p. 206. [Return to Text]
  33. A.M. Rodriguez, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 532. [Return to Text]
  34. G.V. Wigram, The New Englishman’s Hebrew Concordance, Peabody:Hendrickson Publishers, pp.1163-1164, 1984. (Hereafter referred to as "Wigram: NEHC") [Return to Text]
  35. H. W. F. Gesenius, Gesenius’s Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament, Grand Rapids: Baker, p. 582, 1979. (Hereafter referred to as "Gesenius: Lexicon.") W.L. Holladay, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, Grand Rapids:Eerdmans, p. 254, 1988. (Hereafter referred to as "Holladay: CHAL.") [Return to Text]
  36. Wigram: NEHC, pp. 872-874. [Return to Text]
  37. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 404. [Return to Text]
  38. E.G. White. The Great Controversy, Mountain View:Pacific Press, p. 50, 1950 (emphasis mine). [Return to Text]
  39. Holladay:CHAL, p. 56. [Return to Text]
  40. F. B. Holbrook, Ed., DARCOM, Volumes 1-6. [Return to Text]
  41. Smith: D & R, pp. 159-161. [Return to Text]
  42. Ibid., pp. 165 & 271. [Return to Text]
  43. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, Washington DC: Review and Herald, p. 367, 1976. See also P. G. Damsteegt, Foundations of the Seventh-day Adventist Message and Mission, Berrien Springs: Andrews University Press, p. 38, 1977. [Return to Text]
  44. Thomas Hodgkin, Theodoric, the Goth, pp. 202, 203; Nugent Robinson, A History of the World, Vol. I, pp. 745-79, 81, 82; Richard W. Church, The Beginning of the Middle Ages, pp. 38-39. Quoted in Smith: D & R, p. 328. [Return to Text]
  45. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 514. [Return to Text]
  46. A.M. Rodriguez, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 533. [Return to Text]
  47. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, pp. 404-409. [Return to Text]
  48. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 446. [Return to Text]
  49. A.M. Rodriguez, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 531. [Return to Text]
  50. Ibid. [Return to Text]
  51. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 415. [Return to Text]
  52. E. G. White adapts this verse in Patriarch & Prophets (Washington, DC: Review and Herald, 1958), p. 34, directly quoting “A glorious high throne from the beginning” and then applies it by prophetic prerogative to the Lord's heavenly sanctuary without direct quotation of Jer. 17:12. A similar case of prophetic prerogative is the application of 1 Sam. 7:12 where Ellen White quotes, “Hitherto the Lord has helped me,” not us, as in the biblical text. See E. G. White, In Heavenly Places, Washington, DC: Review and Herald, p. 242, 1967; also E. G. White, Letter #1, 1904. [Return to Text]
  53. Wigram: NEHC, pp. 755-756. [Return to Text]
  54. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, pp. 444-445. [Return to Text]
  55. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 2, pp. 213-215. [Return to Text]
  56. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, 412-415. [Return to Text]
  57. H.W.F. Gesenius, Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament, Grand Rapids: Baker, pp. 471 & 502, 1979. [Return to Text]
  58. Wigram: NEHC, pp. 756-758 & 699. [Return to Text]
  59. Smith: D & R, p. 161. [Return to Text]
  60. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 516. [Return to Text]
  61. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 416. [Return to Text]
  62. R. M. Davidson, Journal of the Adventist Theological Society, 2/1 (1991): 105. Also see E. J. Young, A Prophecy of Daniel: A Commentary, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, p. 172, 1949. [Return to Text]
  63. Ibid. [Return to Text]
  64. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, pp. 416-417. [Return to Text]
  65. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM, Vol 2, pp. 415-418, 441. See also R. M. Davidson, Journal of the Adventist Theological Society, 2/1 (1991): 105. [Return to Text]
  66. Smith: D & R, p. 271. [Return to Text]
  67. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 516. [Return to Text]
  68. Ibid., p.198. [Return to Text]
  69. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p.418. [Return to Text]
  70. Ibid. p. 419. [Return to Text]
  71. Ibid. [Return to Text]
  72. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 2, pp. 196-198. [Return to Text]
  73. A.M. Rodriguez, DARCOM: Vol. 2, pp.527-549. [Return to Text]
  74. The Hebrew root word, qamar, means: to offer odors, to burn (incense in honor of a deity); to give a scent, to be fragrant. Qamar is used for both lawful (for example, see Lev. 1:9, 17; 2:2, 16) and unlawful or idolatrous (for example, see Jer. 1:16; 7:9; 11:13; 19:14; 1 Kg: 3:3) sacrifices. See H.W.F. Gesenius, Gesenius’ Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament, Grand Rapids: Baker, p. 730, 1979. [Return to Text]
  75. H.W.F. Gesenius, Gesenius’ Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament, Grand Rapids: Baker, p. 792, 1979. [Return to Text]
  76. It should be noted that it was previously demonstrated from the internal exegesis of Dn. 8:9-13 that the pagan and papal phases of Rome (horn from littleness) are identified by the masculine and feminine gender of the pronoun/verbal subject respectively. In Dn. 8:11, the masculine verbal subject: "he (masculine) exalted himself (horn from littleness) even unto the Prince of the host" designates pagan Rome. [Return to Text]
  77. U. Smith, The Prophecies of Daniel and Revelation, Washington DC: Review & Herald, p. 161, 1944. [Return to Text]
  78. F.D. Nichol, Ed., Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, Washington, DC: Review & Herald, Vol. 1, p. 719 (1978). [Return to Text]
  79. See Lev. 23:13, 18; Num. 15:3-10; 28:13, 27-28; 29:2-3, 8-9, 13-14, 36-37. [Return to Text]
  80. See Num. 28:10, 15, 24, 31; 29:6, 11, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 38; Num. 4:7, 16; Neh. 10:33 (2 occurrences). [Return to Text]
  81. See Num. 28:31; 29:6, 11, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 38. [Return to Text]
  82. F.D. Nichol, Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, Washington, DC:Review & Herald, Vol. 1, p. 654, p. 716-717, 1978. [Return to Text]
  83. See Note 74. [Return to Text]
  84. For example see Jer. 7:9; 11:13, 17; 19:4-5; 32:29. [Return to Text]
  85. R.H. Gundry, A Survey of the New Testament, Grand Rapids: Zondervan, p. 35, 1981. [Return to Text]
  86. E. Lohse, The New Testament Environment, Nashville: Abingdon, p. 199, 1971. [Return to Text]
  87. E.E. Cairns, Christianity Through the Centuries, Grand Rapids: Zondervan, pp. 124-125, 1981. [Return to Text]
  88. F.L. Cross and E.A. Livingstone, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, Oxford; Oxford Press, p. 1108, 1983. [Return to Text]
  89. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM, Vol. 2, p. 426. [Return to Text]
  90. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, pp. 429-436. [Return to Text]
  91. Ibid., pp. 434-435. [Return to Text]
  92. W.H. Shea, Selected Studies of Prophetic Interpretation, Daniel & Revelation Committee Series, Vol. 1, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, p. 80, 1982. (Hereafter all citations to volumes 1-6 of the Daniel & Revelation Committee Series will be referred to as "DARCOM: Vol. #" with their respective volume numbers.) [Return to Text]
  93. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 442. [Return to Text]
  94. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 246; DARCOM: Vol. 6, pp. 333-334 & 341. [Return to Text]
  95. S.J. Schwantes, “'Ereb Boqer of Daniel 8:14 Re-examined,” Symposium on Daniel, Daniel and Revelation Committee Series, F. B. Holbrook, ed., Vol. 2, Biblical Research Institute, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, Washington, DC, pp.472-474, 1986. [Return to Text]
  96. W.H. Shea, DARCOM, Vol. 2, pp. 196-197. [Return to Text]
  97. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM, Vol. 2, pp. 430-433. [Return to Text]
  98. W.H. Shea, DARCOM, Vol. 2, p.197; see also Notes 95 & 97. [Return to Text]
  99. It should be emphasized that the continual burnt offering (`olat hattamid), repeatedly referred to in Num. 28 & 29 and specified in Ex. 29:38-46, Lv. 6:8-13 and Num. 28:1-8, always consisted of two lambs comprising a complete unit which were offered evening and morning respectively. The evening offering could not exist with out the morning offering in order to obey and fulfill the “law of the burnt offering” (Lv. 6:9-13). This scriptural understanding precludes 1150 days/years as an interpretation of the 2300 evening-morning time prophecy. [Return to Text]
  100. See, for example Ex. 29:39; Num. 28:4; 2 Kg. 16:15; 1 Chron. 16:40; 23:30; 2 Chron. 2:4; 13:11; 31:3; and Ezra 3:3. [Return to Text]
  101. See footnotes 95, 96 & 97. [Return to Text]
  102. S.J. Schwantes, DARCOM, Vol. 2, p. 471. [Return to Text]
  103. See Ex. 27:21; 30:7-8; Lev. 6:8-13; 24:3; Num. 9:4. [Return to Text]
  104. See footnote 96. [Return to Text]
  105. W.H. Shea, DARCOM, Vol.2, p. 197. [Return to Text]
  106. H.W.F. Gesenius, Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament, Grand Rapids: Baker, pp. 510, 771, 1971. [Return to Text]
  107. N.E. Andreasen, “Translation of Nisdaq/Katharisthesetai in Daniel 8:14,” DARCOM, Vol. 2, pp. 475-496. [Return to Text]
  108. See Note 90. [Return to Text]
  109. See DARCOM, Vol. 2, G.F. Hasel, pp. 3-63,; A.J. Ferch, pp. 64-74; W.H. Shea, pp. 75-118. [Return to Text]
  110. See Ezra 9:1-2; 10:2, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 23). [Return to Text]
  111. A.L. White, The Ellen G. White Biography, Vol. 6, The Later Elmshaven Years, Washington DC: Review & Herald pp.256-257, 1981. [Return to Text]
  112. For a related discussion of the anomalies of the “thesis-antithesis” concept pertaining to Daniel 8:11 and 8:14 see: D. Hokama, “Does 1844 Have a “Pagan”" Foundation?” Adventists Currents, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 20-29, 1987. [Return to Text]
  113. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 3, pp. 77-99. [Return to Text]
  114. Ibid., p. 94. [Return to Text]
  115. Ibid., p. 97. [Return to Text]
  116. Holladay: CHAL, p.158. [Return to Text]
  117. Wigram: NEHC, p. 600. [Return to Text]
  118. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 2, p. 246. [Return to Text]
  119. For zeroa` see Daniel 11:6, 15, 22, 31; for ma`oz see Daniel 11: 7, 10, 19, 31, 38, 39. [Return to Text]
  120. H.W.F. Gesenius, Gesenius’ Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament, Grand Rapids: Baker, p. 492, 1979. [Return to Text]
  121. U. Smith, D & R, p. 270. [Return to Text]
  122. Ibid. [Return to Text]
  123. H. W. F. Gesenius, Gesenius’ Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament, Grand Rapids: Baker, p. 582, 1979. [Return to Text]
  124. Ibid., p. 272. [Return to Text]
  125. D. Barrett, Ed., World Christian Encyclopedia, Nairobi: Oxford University Press, 1982. [Return to Text]
  126. G.F. Hasel, DARCOM:Vol. 2, pp. 378-461. [Return to Text]
  127. W.H. Shea, DARCOM: Vol. 6, pp. 338-340. [Return to Text]
  128. F.L. Cross and E.A. Livingstone, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, Oxford: Oxford university Press, p. 307, 1974. (Hereafter referred to as Cross:ODCC) [Return to Text]
  129. Quoted by U. Smith. See Smith: D & R, p. 328. [Return to Text]
  130. Cross:ODCC, pp. 475-476. [Return to Text]
  131. Ibid., p. 1059. [Return to Text]
  132. E. G. White, Great Controversy, Mountain View: Pacific Press, pp. 61, 74-75. [Return to Text]
  133. D. Barrett, Ed., World Christian Encyclopedia, Nairobi: Oxford University Press, 1982. [Return to Text]
  134. “The Daily,” Midnight Cry, Vol. 5, No. 7, p. 52-53, Oct.5, 1843. [Return to Text]
  135. P.G. Damsteegt, Foundations of the Seventh-day Adventist Message and Mission, Berrien Springs: Andrews University Press, pp. 38-39, 1977. [Return to Text]
  136. Smith: D & R, pp. 159-161. [Return to Text]
  137. Smith: D & R, pp. 165 & 271. [Return to Text]
  138. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, Washington DC: Review & Herald, p. 367, 1976. See also P.G. Damsteegt, Foundations of the Seventh-day Adventist Message and Mission, Berrien Springs: Andrews University Press, p. 38, 1977. [Return to Text]
  139. Interpreter’s Bible, Vol. 11, Nashville: Abingdon Press, pp. 325-330, 1955. D. Farrow, Crux, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 23-26, 1989. New International Commentary of the New Testament, Vol. 13, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, pp. 218-232, 1959. [Return to Text]
  140. The Complete Biblical Library, Vol. 8, Springfield: The Complete Biblical Library, pp. 557-560, 1989. [Return to Text]
  141. G. Kittel and G. Friedrich, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, (Abridged in One Volume), Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, p. 1335, 1985. [Return to Text]
  142. S.S. Smalley, Word Book Commentary, Vol. 51, Waco: Word Book, pp. 98-99, 1982. [Return to Text]
  143. F.F. Bruce, Word Book Commentary, Vol. 45, Waco: Word Book, pp. 179-182, 1982. [Return to Text]
  144. Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, Vol. 7, Washington, DC: Review & Herald, pp. 816-819, 1957. [Return to Text]
  145. Ibid., p. 105. [Return to Text]
  146. The Complete Biblical Library, Vol. 8, Springfield: The Complete Biblical Library, pp. 557-560, 1989. [Return to Text]
  147. D. Farrow, Crux, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 23-26, 1989. F. Martin, Est. Ecl., Vol. 54, No. 211, pp. 527-537, 1979. R. D. Aus, Journ. Bib. Lit., (4, '77) 537-553. [Return to Text]
  148. F.F. Bruce, Word Book Commentary, Vol. 45, Waco: Word Book, p. 188, 1982. [Return to Text]
  149. F.F. Bruce, Bulletin of John Rylands Library, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 78-96, 1984. [Return to Text]
  150. F.F. Bruce, Word Book Commentary, Vol. 45, Waco: Word Book, p. 171 , 1982. [Return to Text]
  151. J. H. Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, Grand Rapids: Baker, pp. 737, 2235 and 3568 (1977). [Return to Text]
  152. Ibid., p. 75. [Return to Text]
  153. Ibid., p. 115. [Return to Text]

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